小资女向前冲（大马股市）

Example: 
- Company A acquires 80% of the outstanding stock of company X.

- Because A owns more than 50% of X, A consolidates X's financial results with its own.

- The 20% of X's equity that A does not own is recorded on A's balance sheet as NCI.

- Consolidated net income is allocated to the parent and non-controlling interests (minority shareholders) in proportion to their percentages ownership.

- 80% to A and 20% to the non-controlling interests

2. What is the different of Group vs Company?

- Company = Financials without that of its subsidiaries

- Group = Consolidated Financials with its subsidiaries(> 51% interest)

- Holding company + 0 subsidiaries; Company=Group

- Holding company + many subsidiaries = Group

- Although the holding company may only own 51% shares in the subsidiaries, 100% of the financial performance of the subsidiaries (less inter-company adjustments) is taken into the Group financials which are therefore considered as CONSOLIDATED.

- In Financial statement, we are referring to "GROUP" instead of "the company" column for a company financial performance & balance sheet.

3. What is "Balance Sheet/Statement of Position"?

- Balance sheet shows a firm’s assets (what it owns) and liabilities (what it owes).

- The difference between a firm’s assets and liabilities is the firm’s net worth(Shareholder's Equity)

Assets - Liabilities = Equity

4. What is Statement of Comprehensive Income/Profit(loss) Account/ Income Statement?

- Revenues and expenses for the business(operation & non operation)

- Earning after Taxation(Net Profit) = Sales/Revenue/Income – COGS – Operating Expenses – Other Expenses + Other Income – Finance/Interest Cost - Taxation

5. What is Statement of Cash Flow?

Summarizes the levels of cash being generated or consumed by the business (cash inflow VS cash outflow)

- 3 main part:

(a) CFFO - cash inflow VS cash outflow - operating activities
Example: Changes in trade receivables, payables, inventories

(b) CFFI - cash inflow VS cash outflow - investing activities
Example: Purchase & Proceeds of disposal of PPE

(c) CFFF - cash inflow VS cash outflow - financing activities
Example: Repayment/drawdown of bank borrowings, Issue of ordinary share capital

6. What is Notes to the Financial Statements?

Disclosure of accounting policies, explanatory detail of line items of Financial Statement.

- Currency risk = Currency exposure = % of sensitivity of FOREX impact

- Analysis of Shareholdings
To analyze no. of issued capital
To check the substantial Shareholder